The HIPAA Security Rule sets standards for how to protect electronic PHI (ePHI) — any protected information created, stored, or shared using electronic systems (like EHRs, emails, or cloud services).
It requires that covered entities and business associates use three types of safeguards:
1. Administrative Safeguards
These are policies, procedures, and training that manage the security of ePHI.
Examples:
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Assigning a HIPAA security officer
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Conducting annual risk assessments
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Creating access policies (who can access what)
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Regular HIPAA training for all staff
2. Physical Safeguards
This refers to the protection of physical spaces and devices where ePHI is stored or accessed.
Examples:
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Locked doors to file rooms or server rooms
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Security cameras
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Restricting access to computers
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Logging off workstations when unattended
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Securing laptops and USB drives
3. Technical Safeguards
These protect electronic systems and data through technology.
Examples:
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Password protection and user authentication
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Data encryption (especially when sending ePHI)
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Automatic logoff systems
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Firewalls and antivirus software
Bottom line: It takes both people and systems to protect ePHI. Even if you’re not in IT, you still play a part — like using strong passwords and logging off when you step away.