To understand HIPAA, it’s important to get familiar with the common terms used throughout the law. These will appear again and again in your training, so let’s break them down:
1. PHI (Protected Health Information):
Any information about a person’s health, treatment, or payment for healthcare that can identify them. This includes:
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Names
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Dates (birth, admission, discharge)
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Social Security numbers
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Medical record numbers
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Phone numbers
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Email addresses
Even if the info seems harmless, if it can be linked back to a person, it’s PHI.
2. ePHI:
Electronic Protected Health Information — any PHI stored, accessed, or shared electronically.
3. Covered Entity:
Any organization that directly handles PHI. This includes:
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Healthcare providers (doctors, nurses, clinics, hospitals)
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Health plans (insurance companies)
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Healthcare clearinghouses
4. Business Associate:
A person or company that performs services for a covered entity and may handle PHI. This could be:
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Billing companies
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IT support teams
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Law firms
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Third-party vendors
They must also follow HIPAA rules and usually sign a Business Associate Agreement (BAA).
5. Minimum Necessary Rule:
Only access or share the least amount of information needed to do your job. Don’t overshare, even with coworkers.
6. De-Identified Information:
PHI that has been stripped of all identifying elements (like name, DOB, MRN) so that it can’t be traced back to a person. De-identified info is not protected under HIPAA.
By learning these terms, you’re laying the groundwork for HIPAA compliance. Understanding what you’re protecting is the first step in knowing how to protect it.